Which muscles are primarily responsible for cervical flexion?

The primary muscles responsible for cervical flexion are the sternocleidomastoid and the scalenes. The sternocleidomastoid is a prominent muscle in the neck that connects the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the skull. When both sides contract, it facilitates flexion of the neck by bringing the chin closer to the chest. Additionally, when one side contracts, it can lead to rotation of the head towards the opposite side while also contributing to flexion.

The scalenes, which consist of anterior, middle, and posterior muscles, also help in flexing the neck when actively engaged. They further assist in the elevation of the first and second ribs during inhalation and have a synergistic role in neck movements.

The other muscle groups listed do not primarily contribute to cervical flexion. The splenius cervicis and longissimus muscles are primarily involved in extension and rotation of the head and neck. The iliocostalis and levator scapulae focus more on lateral flexion and elevation of the scapula, and the transversospinalis and multifidus muscles are mainly responsible for stabilizing the vertebral column and providing support during movements, rather than flexing the neck. Thus, the