What exits the spinal canal via the intervertebral foramina?

The intervertebral foramina are openings located between adjacent vertebrae through which spinal nerves and accompanying blood vessels exit the spinal canal. Each spinal nerve is formed from the union of sensory and motor nerve fibers. Once the spinal nerves exit through these foramina, they branch out to innervate specific areas of the body, providing vital motor and sensory functions.

Cerebrospinal fluid does circulate within the spinal canal but does not exit through the intervertebral foramina; rather, it is contained within the subarachnoid space, providing cushioning and nourishment to the spinal cord. The vertebral arteries, while critical for supplying blood to the brain and spinal cord, travel within the vertebral foramen of the cervical vertebrae rather than exiting through intervertebral foramina. Intercostal nerves emerge from the thoracic spinal nerves and travel in the thoracic area but are not specifically associated with the intervertebral foramina, as they extend laterally to innervate muscles and skin in the intercostal spaces. Therefore, the specific role of the intervertebral foramina is to allow the passage of spinal nerves and blood vessels, making this the correct answer.