What do intervertebral joints consist of?

Intervertebral joints are formed primarily by the superior and inferior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies along with the intervertebral discs situated between them. These joints play a crucial role in providing both stability and flexibility to the spine, allowing for movement while also acting as cushioning structures to absorb shock during activity. The intervertebral discs consist of a tough outer layer called the annulus fibrosus and a gel-like inner core known as the nucleus pulposus, which together facilitate proper movement and load distribution between the vertebrae.

The articular facets of adjacent vertebrae indeed contribute to the overall function of the vertebral column by facilitating spinal movement and protecting the neural structures within the vertebral canal, but they do not define the intervertebral joint itself. Similarly, ligaments connecting the spinal processes and the muscles supporting the vertebral column provide support and stability but are not components that directly constitute the intervertebral joints.