What are common symptoms of meningitis?

Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, and it is most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections. The hallmark symptoms of meningitis typically include fever, headache, and sensitivity to light, collectively known as photophobia.

Fever often results from the body's immune response to the infection, while the intense headache arises from the swelling and irritation of the meninges. Sensitivity to light occurs because of irritation of the nervous system, which can lead to discomfort with bright environments. These symptoms are crucial for identifying meningitis and warrant immediate medical attention.

In contrast, the other symptoms listed—involving joint pain and swelling, gastrointestinal issues like nausea and cramps, and balance or coordination problems—are not primary indicators of meningitis. While they may occur in some cases or due to different underlying conditions, they do not specifically point to meningitis as fever, headache, and light sensitivity do. Understanding these key symptoms helps healthcare providers quickly recognize and manage this potentially serious condition.